Operators of Chinese FPSOs face the challenge of mooring their vessels in shallow waters and sometimes in sub-Arctic conditions. FPSOs in 20-30m water depth require nonlinear mooring systems. A conventional catenary turret mooring system is suitable for mid- to deepwater applications, but this only can be maintained for a small vessel in shallow water. Over stress, and even total damage, has been reported from applications in the China production fields when these moorings were used for larger v....

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