Scour solutions can help protect monopiles
Taken from: Offshore Wind Journal September 2012

As has been highlighted in a number of well-publicised cases, including on the Horns Rev offshore windfarm in Danish waters, foundations are more susceptible to scour than was anticipated when the first generation of offshore windfarms were built.
Many of the offshore windfarms built in European waters to date are located fairly close to the shore, in shallow waters, where they may be exposed to strong currents and large breaking waves. Under these conditions, around 30 per cent of total constr....
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