Lloyd’s Register: alarm overload undermines ship safety

“Our research found that alarm systems, when poorly managed, have themselves become a safety risk,” said LR global head of technology Duncan Duffy.

“Without decisive industry action, alarm fatigue will continue to undermine situational awareness and increase the likelihood of serious incidents.”

LR’s report calls for the greater adoption of objective alarm performance assessment, stronger consideration of human factors in system design and operation throughout the vessel lifecycle, and regulatory frameworks that support consistent, enforceable standards.

“If the maritime industry is serious about safety, it must commit to continuous performance measurement, objective evaluation, and a human-centred approach to alarm system design,” said Mr Duffy.

“Only then can alarm systems fulfil their intended purpose of supporting crews, safeguarding lives, and ensuring safer voyages for all.”

LR’s research applied recognised industrial best practice, including IEC 62682 and EEMUA 191, to maritime operations.

It found that less than half of the 11 vessels studied met the recommended benchmark of fewer than 30 alarms per hour, while on ships with unattended machinery spaces, alarms disrupted 63% of rest periods.

In some cases, cruise ships experienced up to 2,600 alarms per day, with peak rates reaching 4,691 alarms in just 10 minutes, said the classification society.

To reduce alarm overload on crews, a pilot project on a cruise ship lowered total alerts by almost 50% over six months, without adding new technology.

Improvements were delivered through traditional marine engineering interventions, including correcting valve installations, replacing faulty sensors and tuning existing systems. 

This study was part of LR’s digital transformation research programme to analyse opportunities and challenges for maritime digitalisation.