Advances in ship connectivity are turning vessels into floating offices, benefiting owners, operators and managers, but also generating security and reliability challenges
Commissioning high-throughput geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites and low earth orbit (LEO) constellations has boosted ship-to-ship and to shore communications and crew welfare, forming remote homes for seafarers and data hubs for owners.
Greater reliance on always-on connections and digital technologies enables more maritime applications, such as internet of things, cloud-based data platforms, remote monitoring and digital support, real-time data exchange and full access to social media, optimising fleet operations and improving life on board.
However, the consequences of losing connectivity on safety, efficiency and seafarer welfare can be severe.
Shipowners need to select a fully managed global connectivity solution, invest in collaborative software and upgrade cyber security to improve satellite communications reliability and prevent service loss.
“Seamless communications between vessel- and shore-based personnel improves decision-making to support safer and more efficient ship operations"
These were the key recommendations from a new report, Digital Wave: Transforming vessels into floating offices and remote homes, published by Viasat subsidiary Inmarsat Maritime and technology research firm Thetius.
Its findings were derived from the latest information on communications technologies and a survey of shipowners and seafarers.
In the survey, 93% of owners said it is extremely or very important to have a vessel with always-on connectivity and 82% think there will be a greater reliance on applications within the next five years.
On the subject of seafarer welfare, 89% of owners surveyed said connectivity for crew during downtime is extremely or very important to them, 67% said the use of digital tools and applications changes when the vessel is closer to shore and 55% said cyber security was critically important to them.
“Development of advanced digital technologies and high-speed communications networks is revolutionising maritime and offshore operations, with significant benefits for organisations and seafarers alike,” said Inmarsat Maritime president Ben Palmer.
“To fully harness the benefits and steer clear of the potential challenges brought by shipping’s new digital wave, fast and reliable connectivity with consistent global coverage - including in hotspots and remote locations - is indispensable.”
Of the seafarers surveyed, 89% said they rely on connectivity for both work and leisure, while the remaining 11% can only access the internet for work purposes.
On average, the respondents use digital tools for five hours a day while working, with 82% using them to communicate with friends and family in their spare time.
The survey results also revealed that, overall, crew see connectivity loss as having a more significant impact on their leisure time than on their working practices.
“Seamless communications between vessel- and shore-based personnel improves decision-making to support safer and more efficient ship operations, while the ability for crew to communicate with friends and family, browse the internet, and stream entertainment promotes wellbeing on board,” said Mr Palmer in the report.
“Yet while the industry’s digital transformation is bridging the gap between ship and shore, it is also making vessels and their crew more vulnerable to the effects of sudden connectivity loss,” he continued.
“So critical is connectivity to modern maritime and offshore operations, in fact, that any outages can have a severe impact on efficiency, safety and seafarer welfare.”
The report described the importance of a cohesive and collaborative approach to data management based on five supporting factors: a common data language, effortless connectivity for both operations and crew, secure and safe connectivity, globally approved systems and a willingness to share data.
"This supports a centralised data management system, fosters innovation and agility, facilitates behavioural change for safety and operational efficiency, and reduces costs”
“The transformation of ships into floating offices and homes is also seeing the emergence of a new maritime and offshore business model characterised by considerable investment in digital technologies,” said Mr Palmer.
“A cohesive and collaborative approach to data management increases the accessibility and accuracy of data across an organisation. This supports a centralised data management system, fosters innovation and agility, facilitates behavioural change for safety and operational efficiency, and reduces costs.”
While LEO constellations offer low-latency and high bandwidth, technology developments mean GEO satellites can also support applications such as video conferencing and cloud access, requiring these characteristics.
Software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) technologies and compression programs can significantly reduce latency over GEO and in multi-orbit environments. SD-WAN optimises and prioritises business-critical traffic.
These have enabled shipowners to consider their assets floating offices with cyber-secure networks, connectivity resilience and maximised uptime. In a hybrid communications network, data may take different routes, but its journey will be optimised to start and finish at the same point.
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